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混凝土冬季施工的注意事項 (一)
發布(bu)日(ri)期：2015-09-16 | 關注(zhu)：[1000]

我國許(xu)多地方(fang)(fang)(fang)有(you)(you)較(jiao)長(chang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)寒冷季節。由于(yu)受(shou)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)制(zhi)約，許(xu)多工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)混(hun)(hun)(hun)(hun)(hun)(hun)(hun)(hun)凝(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)冬季施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)是(shi)不(bu)(bu)可(ke)(ke)避(bi)免的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。國內外(wai)對(dui) 混(hun)(hun)(hun)(hun)(hun)(hun)(hun)(hun)凝(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)冬季施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)理(li)論和(he)方(fang)(fang)(fang)法(fa)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)探索研究(jiu)認為，當環境溫(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)降到(dao)4℃時(shi)，只要(yao)采用(yong)適當的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)方(fang)(fang)(fang)法(fa)，避(bi)免新(xin) 澆混(hun)(hun)(hun)(hun)(hun)(hun)(hun)(hun)凝(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)早期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)浸凍，使外(wai)露(lu)混(hun)(hun)(hun)(hun)(hun)(hun)(hun)(hun)凝(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)與(yu)冬季氣溫(wen)(wen)保持較(jiao)小(xiao)(xiao)溫(wen)(wen)差(cha)，也(ye)(ye)會(hui)取得(de)(de)像在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)天(tian)暖施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)時(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)效果(guo)。　　混(hun)(hun)(hun)(hun)(hun)(hun)(hun)(hun)凝(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)冬季施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)般原理(li) 　　混(hun)(hun)(hun)(hun)(hun)(hun)(hun)(hun)凝(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)拌和(he)物澆灌后(hou)之所(suo)以(yi)能逐漸凝(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)結和(he)硬化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)，直(zhi)至獲(huo)(huo)得(de)(de)*終強(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)，是(shi)由于(yu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)泥(ni)(ni)(ni)(ni)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)結果(guo)。而(er)(er)(er) 水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)泥(ni)(ni)(ni)(ni)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)速(su)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)除與(yu)混(hun)(hun)(hun)(hun)(hun)(hun)(hun)(hun)凝(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)本身組(zu)成(cheng)材(cai)料和(he)配合比有(you)(you)關(guan)外(wai)，主(zhu)要(yao)是(shi)隨(sui)著(zhu)溫(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)高低(di)(di)而(er)(er)(er)變(bian)(bian)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。當溫(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du) 升高時(shi)，水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)加快，強(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)增(zeng)長(chang)也(ye)(ye)較(jiao)快；而(er)(er)(er)當溫(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)降低(di)(di)到(dao)0℃時(shi)，存(cun)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)于(yu)混(hun)(hun)(hun)(hun)(hun)(hun)(hun)(hun)凝(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)有(you)(you)一(yi)部(bu)分(fen)開始結冰(bing)(bing)，逐漸由液相(xiang)（水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)）變(bian)(bian)為固相(xiang)（水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)）。這時(shi)參與(yu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)泥(ni)(ni)(ni)(ni)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)減(jian)少了，因此(ci)，水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)減(jian)慢，強(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du) 增(zeng)長(chang)相(xiang)應(ying)較(jiao)慢。溫(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)繼續下降，當存(cun)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)于(yu)混(hun)(hun)(hun)(hun)(hun)(hun)(hun)(hun)凝(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)完全(quan)變(bian)(bian)成(cheng)冰(bing)(bing)，也(ye)(ye)就是(shi)完全(quan)由液相(xiang)變(bian)(bian)為固相(xiang)時(shi)，水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)泥(ni)(ni)(ni)(ni) 水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)基本停止，此(ci)時(shi)強(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)就不(bu)(bu)再增(zeng)長(chang)。　　水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)變(bian)(bian)成(cheng)冰(bing)(bing)后(hou)，體積約增(zeng)大(da)9%，同(tong)(tong)時(shi)產(chan)生約2500千(qian)克每(mei)平方(fang)(fang)(fang)厘米的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)冰(bing)(bing)脹應(ying)力。這個應(ying)力值常(chang)常(chang)大(da)于(yu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)泥(ni)(ni)(ni)(ni) 石內部(bu)形成(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)初期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)強(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)值，使混(hun)(hun)(hun)(hun)(hun)(hun)(hun)(hun)凝(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)受(shou)到(dao)不(bu)(bu)同(tong)(tong)程(cheng)(cheng)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)破壞（即(ji)旱期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)受(shou)凍破壞）而(er)(er)(er)降低(di)(di)強(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)。此(ci)外(wai)，當水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)變(bian)(bian) 成(cheng)冰(bing)(bing)后(hou)，還(huan)會(hui)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)骨料和(he)鋼筋表面上產(chan)生顆粒較(jiao)大(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)冰(bing)(bing)凌，減(jian)弱水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)泥(ni)(ni)(ni)(ni)漿與(yu)骨料和(he)鋼筋的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)粘結力，從而(er)(er)(er)影(ying)響混(hun)(hun)(hun)(hun)(hun)(hun)(hun)(hun) 凝(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)抗(kang)壓強(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)。當冰(bing)(bing)凌融(rong)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)后(hou)，又會(hui)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)混(hun)(hun)(hun)(hun)(hun)(hun)(hun)(hun)凝(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)內部(bu)形成(cheng)各種(zhong)各樣的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)空隙，而(er)(er)(er)降低(di)(di)混(hun)(hun)(hun)(hun)(hun)(hun)(hun)(hun)凝(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)密實性(xing)及耐(nai)久性(xing)。　　由此(ci)可(ke)(ke)見，在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)冬季混(hun)(hun)(hun)(hun)(hun)(hun)(hun)(hun)凝(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)中(zhong)，水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)形態(tai)變(bian)(bian)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)是(shi)影(ying)響混(hun)(hun)(hun)(hun)(hun)(hun)(hun)(hun)凝(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)強(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)增(zeng)長(chang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)關(guan)鍵。國內外(wai)許(xu)多學者對(dui)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui) 在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)混(hun)(hun)(hun)(hun)(hun)(hun)(hun)(hun)凝(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)形態(tai)進行(xing)大(da)量的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)試驗(yan)研究(jiu)結果(guo)表明，新(xin)澆混(hun)(hun)(hun)(hun)(hun)(hun)(hun)(hun)凝(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)凍結前有(you)(you)一(yi)段預(yu)養(yang)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)，可(ke)(ke)以(yi)增(zeng)加其(qi)內部(bu)液相(xiang)，減(jian)少固相(xiang)，加速(su)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)泥(ni)(ni)(ni)(ni)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)。試驗(yan)研究(jiu)還(huan)表明，混(hun)(hun)(hun)(hun)(hun)(hun)(hun)(hun)凝(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)受(shou)凍前預(yu)養(yang)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)愈(yu)長(chang)，強(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)損(sun)失愈(yu)小(xiao)(xiao)。　　混(hun)(hun)(hun)(hun)(hun)(hun)(hun)(hun)凝(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)凍后(hou)（即(ji)處在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)正常(chang)溫(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)條件下）繼續養(yang)護，其(qi)強(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)還(huan)會(hui)增(zeng)長(chang)，不(bu)(bu)過增(zeng)長(chang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)幅(fu)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)大(da)小(xiao)(xiao)不(bu)(bu)一(yi)。對(dui) 于(yu)預(yu)養(yang)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)長(chang)，獲(huo)(huo)得(de)(de)初期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)強(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)較(jiao)高（如(ru)達到(dao)R28的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)35%）的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)混(hun)(hun)(hun)(hun)(hun)(hun)(hun)(hun)凝(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)受(shou)凍后(hou)，后(hou)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)強(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)幾乎沒有(you)(you)損(sun)失。而(er)(er)(er)對(dui)于(yu)安(an) 全(quan)預(yu)養(yang)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)短，獲(huo)(huo)得(de)(de)初期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)強(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)比較(jiao)低(di)(di)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)混(hun)(hun)(hun)(hun)(hun)(hun)(hun)(hun)凝(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)受(shou)凍后(hou)，后(hou)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)強(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)都有(you)(you)不(bu)(bu)同(tong)(tong)程(cheng)(cheng)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)損(sun)失。由此(ci)可(ke)(ke)見，混(hun)(hun)(hun)(hun)(hun)(hun)(hun)(hun)凝(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)凍結前，要(yao)使其(qi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)正常(chang)溫(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)下有(you)(you)一(yi)段預(yu)養(yang)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)，以(yi)加速(su)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)泥(ni)(ni)(ni)(ni)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)，使混(hun)(hun)(hun)(hun)(hun)(hun)(hun)(hun)凝(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning) 土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)獲(huo)(huo)得(de)(de)不(bu)(bu)遭(zao)受(shou)凍害的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)*低(di)(di)強(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)，一(yi)般稱臨界強(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)，即(ji)可(ke)(ke)達到(dao)預(yu)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)效果(guo)。對(dui)于(yu)臨界強(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)，各國規(gui)定(ding)取值不(bu)(bu)等，我國規(gui)定(ding)為不(bu)(bu)低(di)(di)于(yu)設計標號的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)30%，也(ye)(ye)不(bu)(bu)得(de)(de)低(di)(di)于(yu)35千(qian)克每(mei)平方(fang)(fang)(fang)厘米。　　混(hun)(hun)(hun)(hun)(hun)(hun)(hun)(hun)凝(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)冬季施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)方(fang)(fang)(fang)法(fa)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)選擇　　從上述(shu)分(fen)析(xi)可(ke)(ke)以(yi)知道，在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)冬季混(hun)(hun)(hun)(hun)(hun)(hun)(hun)(hun)凝(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)中(zhong)，主(zhu)要(yao)解決三個問(wen)題：一(yi)是(shi)如(ru)何確定(ding)混(hun)(hun)(hun)(hun)(hun)(hun)(hun)(hun)凝(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)*短的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)養(yang)護齡期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)，二是(shi)如(ru)何防止混(hun)(hun)(hun)(hun)(hun)(hun)(hun)(hun)凝(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)早期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)凍害，三是(shi)如(ru)何保證(zheng)混(hun)(hun)(hun)(hun)(hun)(hun)(hun)(hun)凝(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)后(hou)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)強(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)和(he)耐(nai)久性(xing)滿足要(yao)求。在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)實際工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)，要(yao) 根據施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)時(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)氣溫(wen)(wen)情況，工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)結構狀況（工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)量、結構厚大(da)程(cheng)(cheng)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)與(yu)外(wai)露(lu)情況），工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)緊迫(po)程(cheng)(cheng)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)，水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)泥(ni)(ni)(ni)(ni)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)品種(zhong)及價(jia)格，早強(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)劑(ji)、減(jian)少劑(ji)、抗(kang)凍劑(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)性(xing)能及價(jia)格，保溫(wen)(wen)材(cai)料的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)性(xing)能及價(jia)格，熱源(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)條件等，來(lai)(lai)選擇合理(li) 的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)方(fang)(fang)(fang)法(fa)。一(yi)般來(lai)(lai)說，對(dui)于(yu)同(tong)(tong)一(yi)個工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)，可(ke)(ke)以(yi)有(you)(you)若干個不(bu)(bu)同(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)冬季施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)方(fang)(fang)(fang)案(an)。一(yi)個理(li)想的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)方(fang)(fang)(fang)案(an)，應(ying)當用(yong) *短的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)、*低(di)(di)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)費用(yong)，來(lai)(lai)獲(huo)(huo)得(de)(de)*優良的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)質(zhi)量，也(ye)(ye)就是(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)、費用(yong)、質(zhi)量*佳(jia)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)。

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